Japan's new law allowing for the deportation of rejected asylum seekers after three attempts took effect on Monday.
Previously, asylum seekers could stay in the country while appealing decisions.
The government claims the revised law will help reduce long-term detentions and swiftly deport those without permission to stay.
Critics warn it will put lives at risk and Japan, which has long been criticized for low asylum application acceptance, granted refugee status to a record 303 people last year, mostly from
Afghanistan.
Japan's new rules for refugee screening have raised concerns from critics who fear the process lacks transparency and could lead to the deportation of applicants facing persecution upon return.
The Japan Association for Refugees expressed strong concern over the potential danger to asylum seekers' lives and safety, and called for a fair system that adheres to international standards.
Over 2,000 Ukrainians were living in Japan as of May under a special framework recognizing them as evacuees.