The clash appeared to have its roots in a simmering dispute over the rights of the two neighbors to their shared water resources.

Iran has faced increasing water scarcity issues, prompting protests by farmers in recent years, while Afghanistan faces a third year of drought.

The situation prompted talks between Afghanistan's acting foreign minister and Iran's ambassador to discuss bilateral relations, including water issues, but tensions escalated again within days.

There was a firefight between Iran and the Taliban at the border, resulting in the deaths of two people from each country.

Afghanistan's defense ministry spokesman Enayatullah Khawarazmi stated that the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan does not condone the clashes and that they will seek a resolution through negotiations.

Iran's deputy police chief accused the Taliban of shooting first and stated that Iran inflicted significant damage and casualties.

Two Iranian border guards were killed and two civilians were injured.

Acting Defense Minister Mullah Mohammad Yaqoob criticized negative measures and excuses for war.

The spike in tensions over water rights comes amidst previous clashes and reports of mistreatment of Afghan refugees.

Iran has hosted millions of Afghans and the number of Afghans living in Iran has increased since 2021.

Tensions between Afghanistan and Iran could have implications for the region and China's role may come into play.

Afghanistan is likely to seek a resolution through negotiations.