The flies, which are carried by the dry, sandy winds from the southern Sudanese deserts, have been spotted in Marsa Matrouh.

Meteorologists advise keeping windows closed due to the infestation.

Egypt's susceptibility to the flies is due to its geographical location and climate, with the problem worsening during summer and the Khamsin winds of spring, which aid the flies' spread from their natural desert habitats to populated areas.

(115 words) Desert flies, which thrive in tropical and subtropical regions including Saudi Arabia, prefer desert and rural environments and pose a threat to nomadic communities, particularly children.

Their spread is attributed to high temperatures that facilitate rapid breeding, inadequate health surveillance, and ineffective pest control programs.

Controlling desert flies involves eliminating breeding sites, using fly traps, and applying insecticides.

Professor Ali Younis of Cairo University described the desert fly as being similar to a common housefly, measuring between 3.5mm and 6.5mm in length, and varying in color from black and brown to blue.

Desert flies prefer light areas, can tolerate high temperatures, and often gather around eyes and wounds.

They pose significant health risks, transmitting various diseases such as spinal meningitis, anthrax, cholera, typhoid, amoebiasis, and tapeworms.

Their bites are painful and cause intense itching.

Effective deterrents include using incense and a mixture of vinegar and soap.

The Meteorological Authority has issued a warning about a desert fly invasion, advising citizens to take precautions.

This includes keeping doors and windows closed, using mosquito nets while sleeping, maintaining personal hygiene, keeping homes clean, removing sources of stagnant water, and using insect repellent.

Herbs like basil and wild mint, as well as a hot pepper and water spray, can be used to repel flies from homes.