While not all floods are directly linked to global warming, they are occurring during a year of record-breaking temperatures.

The text emphasizes that climate change is not just about rising temperatures but also the consequences of trapped heat in the atmosphere and seas.

April marked the 11th consecutive month of heat records, and ocean temperatures have been unusually high for an extended period.

Sonia Seneviratne, an expert on the IPCC scientific panel, stated that recent extreme precipitation events are consistent with what is expected in a warmer climate.

The text discusses how warmer temperatures lead to increased moisture in the atmosphere, resulting in more intense rainfall events.

For every degree Celsius in temperature rise, the atmosphere can hold seven percent more moisture.

This was observed in Pakistan in April 2024, where they experienced double the normal monthly rainfall, with some areas seeing over four times the average.

The UAE also received about two years worth of rain in a single day.

However, not all areas on Earth are getting wetter from this effect.

The text also includes a photo of people affected by heavy rainfall in Pakistan.

The text discusses how human-induced climate change is leading to more extreme weather conditions, such as heavy rain and floods in some areas and worse heatwaves and droughts in others.

Natural climate variability, including phenomena like El Nino, also influence weather and global rainfall patterns but are secondary to the long-term trend of increasing heavy precipitation driven by human activities.

The extra heat trapped by rising greenhouse gas emissions will continue to push global temperatures to new records despite the ebb and flow of natural cycles.

The text discusses the complexity of determining if specific flood events are directly caused by climate change.

While some scientists use methods to compare current events to simulations of a world without global warming, attribution is not always straightforward.

For instance, the heavy rainfall in the UAE and Oman in April 2024, resulting in four deaths, was "most likely" exacerbated by global warming according to World Weather Attribution.

Similarly, major floods in China in April were "likely influenced" by global warming and El Nino, according to ClimaMeter.

Both organizations use different methodologies for their assessments.

Climatologist Flavio Pons explains that distinguishing between global warming and natural variability can be challenging, and the role of each factor varies in different weather events.

For instance, human-driven climate change was identified as the primary cause of devastating floods in Brazil, while El Nino was excluded as a significant factor.

Many countries experiencing heavy floods, such as Burundi, Afghanistan, and Somalia, are poor and struggle to respond.

Even wealthy states like Dubai were unprepared for extreme weather.

Climatologist Seneviratne emphasized that a warmer climate increases the likelihood of severe weather extremes, but it's impossible to predict exactly when and where they will occur.

Joel Hirschi from the UK's National Oceanography Center added that while we know a warmer climate contributes to more extreme weather, we cannot accurately predict when and where these events will take place.

The text emphasizes the inadequacy of current preparedness for weather extremes and advises taking action and investing now to prevent future costs.