Filipino Holy Week: Blending Tradition and Colonial Influence through Senakulo, Visita Iglesia, and the Salubong
During Holy Week, Filipinos, a predominantly Catholic country in Asia with over 85 million people, blend traditional practices with Spanish colonial influences.
One unique expression is senakulo, a street drama depicting Jesus' passion and death, where some men flagellate and nail themselves to the cross as an act of penance.
Holy Week began with Palm Sunday last week, where churchgoers brought palm branches for blessing.
Not all Filipino Catholics participate in extreme practices, and there are various other traditions observed during this period.
During Holy Week, Filipinos use palm branches as decorations or protection against bad spirits.
These branches symbolize victory, peace, and eternal life, and are reminiscent of the branches crowds laid down for Jesus as he entered Jerusalem before his crucifixion.
The Holy Week is an opportunity for families to reconnect and for relatives to visit.
The religious traditions begin on Holy Thursday, which commemorates the Last Supper.
A custom on this day involves the priest washing the feet of 12 people to symbolize Jesus' humility.
On Holy Thursday in the Philippines, two local traditions are observed: the selection of "apostles" for a ritual at the parish, and the Visita Iglesia, or visiting at least seven churches for prayer.
Ruiz, from Hermosa in Bataan province, has participated in the apostles' ritual, which his grandfather also took part in.
Common people are chosen by the priest for this tradition.
In Pampanga province, north of Manila, Gerald Gloton has practiced the Visita Iglesia since childhood.
This tradition is important to him as it unites his family and allows them to visit historically significant churches, reflecting the province's strong Catholic heritage.
The speaker looks forward to the spiritual reflection, family bonding, and intricate architecture of churches during the Filipino Easter tradition.
Another tradition is the pabasa, a marathon reading of the passion of Christ, which can last for days in rural areas.
While some communities have adopted Western practices like hunting Easter eggs, the salubong ritual is highly anticipated.
This involves a solemn procession of the mourning Virgin Mary and a risen Christ meeting in front of a church at dawn.
During Easter celebrations in the Philippines, a chorus of children sing and perform to lift a veil off the Virgin Mary, signaling the end of her mourning.
This joyous occasion is particularly cherished by Crystal Arcega from Batangas.
After the Easter Mass, families gather for festive meals, which include rice cakes sold outside churches and traditional dishes like fried chicken, braised meat, and kare-kare (oxtail peanut stew).
The most sacred period in Christianity, known for mourning, prayers, and fasting, is a significant time for many as it strengthens their faith.
Arcega views this period as a reminder of Jesus' sacrifices and a way to show God's unconditional love.