The negotiations aim to demarcate the disputed maritime border and, later, the land border. Lebanon is hoping that successful talks will provide an appropriate security environment for oil and gas companies to do exploration work off its coast.

The first session will have low-level representation, with military and Energy Ministry officials representing Lebanon.

The UN-demarcated land border between Lebanon and Israel - the Blue Line - includes several points that are disputed by the two sides.

Lebanon signed in 2018 its first offshore oil and gas exploration and production contracts with three companies - France’s Total, Italy’s Eni and Russia’s Novatek - to explore Block 4 and Block 9 in the Mediterranean. The latter block is disputed by Israel.

Successful exploration would provide a lifeline for Lebanon’s ailing economy. The contracts signed between Lebanon and the consortium obligates the drilling of an exploration well before the end of 2020.

These companies have two options: Either proceed with the drilling despite the Israeli-Lebanese dispute, or negotiate with Beirut to postpone the exploration.
“Negotiating with Israel has important political and security results as it will lead to reducing current tensions,” said Muhannad Al-Hajj Ali, a researcher at the Carnegie Middle East Center.

He added that demarcating borders would remove the justification of the Lebanese Shiite militia Hezbollah for possessing weapons.

“Lebanon is entering a new phase. It’s possible to negotiate a final solution to the Lebanese-Israeli conflict, and then weapons will be included in Lebanon’s internal formula and, through a gradual phase, in a military strategy,” he said.

“The Lebanese Army, therefore, becomes the umbrella, and Hezbollah’s cadres may be integrated into the army or be a stand-alone wing under the army’s command, in return for a political gain that doesn’t violate the balance and parity. There’s talk of making the army’s command Shiite.”